Sound diffusion is influenced by the size, shape, and arrangement of diffusive elements in a room. The specific sound frequency bands that will be diffused by cardboard panels with small uneven cones (like the ones you described) depend on the dimensions of the cones and the room's acoustics.
Generally, smaller irregular surfaces, like the 20mm height and 50mm diameter cones you mentioned, are more effective at diffusing higher frequencies, typically in the range of 2 kHz to 5 kHz and sometimes extending into the midrange frequencies. They can scatter sound waves in multiple directions, reducing the prominence of direct sound reflections and echoes.
For lower frequencies (bass frequencies), larger and more irregular diffusers or absorbers are often needed due to the longer wavelengths associated with bass frequencies. The small cones may have less impact on diffusing low-frequency sound.
To effectively manage room acoustics and sound diffusion, it's essential to consider the overall design, placement, and materials used, including both diffusers and absorbers, as a combination of these elements can provide balanced sound diffusion across different frequency bands.